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XRD ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ X¼± ȸÀý ºÐ¼®¹ý (X-Ray Diffractometry, XRD)

X¼± ȸÀý ºÐ¼®¹ý(X-Ray Diffractometry)Àº Ãʱ⿡ ºñ±³Àû ´Ü¼øÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ °áÁ¤ ¹°Áú¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿øÀÚµéÀÇ ¹è¿­°ú »óÈ£°Å¸®¿¡ °üÇÑ Áö½Ä°ú ±Ý¼Ó, ÁßÇÕ¹°Áú ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ °íüµéÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû ¼ºÁúÀ» ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ ¸¹Àº µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ X¼±È¸Àý(X-Ray Diffraction) ¿¬±¸´Â Steroid, ºñŸ¹Î, Ç×»ý¹°Áú°ú °°Àº º¹ÀâÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬¹°ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¹àÈ÷´Âµ¥ ÁÖ·Î ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ, ÀÓÀÇ ½Ã·á°¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¼ººÐÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¸ô¶óµµ, ÀÌ ½Ã·á¿¡ X¼±(X-Rays)À» Á¶»ç½ÃÄѼ­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ȸÀýÆÐÅÏ(Diffraction Pattern)À» ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ë°íÀÖ´Â ½Ã·á¿¡¼­ ¾ò¾îÁø ȸÀýÆÐÅÏ(Diffraction Pattern)°ú ¼­·Î ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© ±× ¼ººÐÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

1.X¼±(X-Rays)ÀÇ °ËÃâ¹ý

1) X¼±(X-Rays) °ËÃâ¹ýÀÇ Á¾·ù

X¼±(X-Rays)Àº ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ ¿À°¨¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °¨ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, X¼±(X-Rays)°ú ¹°ÁúÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© °¨Áö°¡´ÉÇÑ ÇüÅ·Πº¯È¯ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù.

(1) »çÁøÀÛ¿ë »çÁø film
(2) ÀÌ¿ÂÈ­ÀÛ¿ë Àü¸®ÇÔ(Ion Chamber)
GM °è¼ö°ü(Geiger-Muller Counter, GMC)
ºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü(Proportional Counter, PC)
À§Ä¡¹Î°¨Çü ºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü(Position Sensitive Proportional Counter, PSPC)
¹ÝµµÃ¼ °ËÃâ±â(Solid-State Detector, SSD)
(3) Çü±¤ÀÛ¿ë Çü±¤ÆÇ
Scintillation °è¼ö°ü(Scintillation Counter, SC)
X¼±(X-Rays) TV
CCD
Image Plate, IP
(4) ±¤ÀüµµÀÛ¿ë PbO(X¼± TV)

2) »çÁø¹ý

X¼±(X-Rays)Àº °¡½Ã±¤¼±°ú °°ÀÌ »çÁøÀ¯Á¦¸¦ °¨±¤½ÃŲ´Ù.
X¼±(X-Rays)ÀÌ À¯Á¦Áß¿¡ ÀÔ»çµÇ¸é, ÇҷΰÕÈ­ ÀºÀ» ÀÌ¿ÂÈ­ ½ÃÅ°°í, Çö»óÇÙÀ» Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
Çö»ó¾×¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀºÀÔÀÚ°¡ À¯¸®µÇ°í, ÈæÈ­ÇÑ´Ù.
FilmÀº X¼±°­µµ(X-Rays Intensity)ÀÇ ÃøÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °è¼ö°ü°ú °°ÀÌ °íÁ¤¹ÐµµÀÇ ÃøÁ¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
»çÁø FilmÀº ¿©·¯°÷ÀÇ X¼±°­µµ(X-Rays Intensity)»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î »ó´ëÀ§Ä¡(2Â÷¿øÀûÀÎ µµÇüÀ» ±â·Ï°¡´É)¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

3) Àü¸®ÇÔ

Àü¸®ÇÔ(Ion Chamber)´Â ¾ç±ØÀü¾ÐÀ» ºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü º¸´Ù ³·°Ô »ç¿ëÇϸç, Àü¸®Àü·ù¸¦ Àд°ÍÀ¸·Î °­ÇÑ X¼±(X-Rays), ³ÐÀº ÆÄÀ念¿ªÀÇ X¼±(X-Rays)ÀÇ °ËÃâ¿¡ Æí¸®ÇÏ´Ù.
Àü¸®ÇÔ Survey meter, Pocket ¼±·®°è µî¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

4) ºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü

ºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü(Proportional Counter, PC)´Â º¸Åë, ³»°æ 25mm Á¤µµÀÇ ¿ø°üÀ» À½±ØÀ¸·Î ÇÏ°í, ±× Á߽ɿ¡ 50mmf Á¤µµÀÇ ÅÖ½ºÅÙ ½É¼±À» ³õ°í ¾ç±ØÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
µÎ ±Ø°£¿¡ 1000 ~ 2000 V ÀÇ Á÷·ù °íÀü¾ÐÀÌ °É¸°´Ù.
°ü ¾È¿¡´Â º¸Åë ¾Æ¸£°ï 90%, ¸Þź 10% ÀÇ È¥ÇÕ°¡½º¸¦ ¾à 1±â¾Ð Á¤µµ·Î ³Ö¾î¼­ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

ºñ±³ÀûÀ¸·Î °­ÇÑ X¼±(0.2 ~ 3 )À» °ËÃâÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â °¡½º¸¦ ºÀÀÔÇÑ °è¼ö°ü(ºÀÀÔÇü ºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü, Sealed Proportional Counter, S-PC)ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
¾àÇÑ X¼±(2 ~ 50 )À» °ËÃâÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â âÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ ¾ã°Ô ÇÏ¿© °¡½º¸¦ õõÀÌ È帣°Ô ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù(Gas Flow ºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü, Gas Flow Proportional Counter, F-PC).
¿¹À»µé¸é, ÀüÀÚ´Â X¼±È¸Àý(X-Ray Diffraction)¿¡, ÈÄÀÚ´Â Çü±¤X¼±ºÐ¼®(Fluorescence X-Ray Analysis)ÀÇ °æ¿ø¼ÒÃøÁ¤¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²¿¡ S-PCÀÇ ´Ü¸éÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇß´Ù.


Sealed Proportional Counter (S-PC)

X¼±(X-Rays)ÀÌ °è¼ö°ü ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿Í¼­ °è¼ö°ü ³»ÀÇ °¡½º¸¦ ÀÌ¿ÂÈ­ ½ÃŲ´Ù.
ÀÌ 1Â÷ ÀÌ¿ÂÀÇ ¼ö´Â X¼±(X-Rays) ±¤·®ÀÚ(Photon)ÀÇ Energy¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÑ´Ù.
¿©±â¼­ ÀÌ¿ÂÀº ¾ç±ØÀ¸·Î ÇâÇÏ´Â µµÁß¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ Áß¼º¿øÀÚ¿¡ Ãæµ¹ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ¿ÂÀÇ ¼ö°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¸°Ô X¼±(X-Rays) ±¤·®ÀÚ 1°³°¡ °è¼ö°ü¿¡ µé¾î°¡ 1°³ÀÇ PulseÀü·ù°¡ °è¼ö°üÀÇ µÎ±Ø »çÀÌ¿¡ È帣°Ô µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ PulseÀÇ Æò±ÕÀü¾ÐÀ» ÆÄ°í(Pulse height)ÀÇ Æò±Õ°ª(Æò±ÕÆÄ°í°ª)ÀÌ ÀÔ»çµÈ X¼± ±¤·®ÀÚÀÇ Energy¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇϹǷΠºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü(Proportional Counter, PC)À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù

´Ù¼öÀÇ Æ¯¼ºX¼±(Characteristic X-Rays) ±¤·®ÀÚ¸¦ ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ °ËÃâÇÏ·Á¸é, °¢°¢ÀÇ Pulse Height´Â ÀÏÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î Æò±ÕÆÄ°í(Mean/Average Pulse Height)¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ºñ±³Àû Á¼Àº ¹üÀ§³»¿¡ ºÐÆ÷ÇϰԵȴÙ.
Æò±ÕÆÄ°í´Â À§¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇÑ ºñ·Ê¼º º¸´Ù X¼±(X-Rays) ±¤·®ÀÚÀÇ Enegry¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °á°úÀÌ´Ù
°¢°¢ÀÇ PulseºÐÆ÷ÀÇ ÆøÀÌ Á¼Àº Á¤µµ¸¦ Energy ºÐÇØ´É(Energy Resolution), ¶Ç´Â Energy ºÐº°¼º(Energy Discrimination)ÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.


Pulse Height Distribution

Energy ºÐÇØ´ÉÀ» ¼ö½ÄÀ¸·Î Ç¥½ÃÇϸé, º¸Åë

ºÐÆ÷ÀÇ ¹Ý°¡Æø X 100 (%)
----------------
Æò±ÕÆÄ°í

·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.

ºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü°ú ±¸Á¶°¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î Geiger-Muller °è¼ö°ü ÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, Energy ºÐº°¼ºÀÌ ¾ø°í, °è¼öÁ÷¼±¼º¿µ¿ª(Linear Region of Counting Rate)ÀÌ Á¼°í, ¼ö¸íÀÌ Âª¾Æ¼­ ÇöÀç´Â »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

5) À§Ä¡¹Î°¨Çü ºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü

PCÀÇ ½É¼± ¾ç´Ü¿¡¼­ »ý±ä PulseÀÇ ½Ã°£Â÷¸¦ °ËÃâÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, PCÀÇ ½É¼±¹æÇâ¿¡ À§Ä¡ºÐÇØ´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö Àִ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀ» À§Ä¡¹Î°¨Çü ºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü(Position Sensitive Proportional Counter, PSPC)À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
°ËÃâ±âÀÇ ÁÖ»ç(Scan)°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø¾î, µ¿½ÃÃøÁ¤À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î ¾àÇÑ °è¼ö°­µµÀÇ ½Ã·á¸¦ ªÀº½Ã°£¿¡ ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

6) ¹ÝµµÃ¼ °ËÃâ±â

Àü¸®ÇÔ, GMC, PC, PSPC´Â ¹æ»ç¼±¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ±âüÀÇ ÀÌ¿ÂÈ­ ÀÛ¿ë(Àü¸®ÀÛ¿ë)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ¹ÝµµÃ¼°ËÃâ±â(Solid-State Detector, SSD)´Â °íü(¹ÝµµÃ¼)ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ÂÈ­ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

½Ç¸®ÄÜ À̳ª °Ô¸£¸¶´½ ¹ÝµµÃ¼¿¡ X¼±(X-Rays)À» ÀÔ»ç½ÃÅ°¸é À̿´ë(ÀüÀÚÀÇ Á¤°ø)°¡ ¸¸µé¾î Áø´Ù.
À̿´ëÀÇ ¼ö´Â ÀÔ»ç X¼± ±¤·®ÀÚÀÇ Energy¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀüÀÚ, Á¤°øÀº Àü¾ÐÀÌ °É·ÁÀÖ´Â µÎÀü±ØÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î Pulse Àü·ù°¡ µÈ´Ù.
ÀüÀÚ, Á¤°øÀº µÎ Àü±ØÀ¸·Î À̵¿ÇÏ´Â µµÁß¿¡ ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ½±°Ô ÀÌ¿ÂÈ­ ½ÃÅ°Áö ¸øÇϹǷÎ, Pulse Àü·ù´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ¹Ì¾àÇÏ´Ù.
¿­ÀâÀ½°ú ±¸º°Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¹ÝµµÃ¼¿Í Pre-Amplifier´Â ¾×üÁú¼Ò·Î ³Ã°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ °ËÃâ±â´Â Energy ºÐÇØ´ÉÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

7) Çü±¤ÆÇ

Çü±¤ÆÇ, X¼±(X-Rays) °ËÆıâ´Â ZnS, CdSµîÀÇ Çü±¤µµ·á(±¤ÀüÈí¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹ß±¤)¸¦ ÆÇÀ§¿¡ Ä¥ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î, X¼±(X-Rays)ÀÇ Á¸À縦 È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â Á¤µµ¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

8) Scintillation °è¼ö°ü

NaI, ZnS, CdS, ¸¸Æ®¶ó¼¾ µîÀÇ °áÁ¤Àº X¼±(X-Rays)ÀÌ ÀÔ»çµÇ¸é ¹ß±¤ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹Ì¾àÇÑ ºûÀ» °üÀüÀÚÁõ¹è°ü(Photomultiplier, Phototube)À¸·Î Àü±â Pulse·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ÁõÆøÇÑ´Ù.
Scintillation °è¼ö°ü(Scintillation Counter, SC)µµ Energy¸¦ ¼±º°Çϴ°ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϸç EnergyºÐÇØ´ÉÀº ºñ·Ê°è¼ö°ü¿¡ ºñÇØ ³ª»Ú´Ù.
SC¿Í PC ¸ðµÎ X¼± ȸÀý¿¡ Àß ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

9) X¼± Television

Çü±¤ÆÇÀ¸·Î X¼±(X-Rays)À» °¡½Ã±¤¼±À¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿©, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °í°¨µµ ÃÔ¿µ°üÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Television¿¡ Åõ¿µÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä°ú, Á÷Á¢ X¼±(X-Rays)¿¡ °¨ÀÀÇÏ´Â ÃÔ¿µ°üÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä 2Á¾·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

10) Image Plate

IP´Â Çü±¤Ã¼( BaFBr : Er2+ )ÀÇ ¾ÆÁÖÀÛÀº °áÁ¤À» FilmÀ§¿¡ Ä¥ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î, Á¾·¡ÀÇ FilmÀÇ 10 ~ 60 ¹èÀÇ °¨µµ¿Í 105 ~ 10 6 Á¤µµÀÇ ³ÐÀº Dynamic range¸¦ °®°íÀÖ´Ù.

2.ºÐ¸»¹ý

1) ´Ù°áÁ¤Ã¼

°íü¹°ÁúÀº ¿ø·¡ °áÁ¤»óÅ·ΠÁ¸ÀçÇϸç, ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ °áÁ¤ÀÔÀÚ°¡ ¸ð¿©ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ°ÍÀ» ´Ù°áÁ¤Ã¼(Polycrystalline substance)¶ó°í Çϸç, ¿¹¸¦µé¸é ±Ý¼Ó »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³ÐÀº ºÐ¾ß¿¡ Á¸Àç ÇÑ´Ù.

2) ºÐ¸»¹ý

ºÐ¸»»óÅÂÀÇ °áÁ¤, ¶Ç´Â ´Ù°áÁ¤Ã¼¸¦ ½Ã·á·ÎÇÏ¿© X¼±È¸Àý(X-Ray Diffraction)À» ¾ò´Â°ÍÀ» ºÐ¸»¹ý(Powder Method)À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ½Ã·áÀÇ Á¶¼ººÐ¼®(»óźм®), °áÁ¤ÀÔÀÚÀÇ »óÅ ¶Ç´Â ÁýÇÕÀÇ »óÅ µîÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡ È°¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

3) ºÐ¸»¹ýÀÇ ¿ø¸®

ºÐ¸»½Ã·á¿¡ ´Ü»öÀÇ °¡´Â X¼± ´Ù¹ß(X-ray beam)À» Á¶»ç ½ÃŲ´Ù°í ÇÏÀÚ, À̶§ ½Ã·áÁß¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °áÁ¤ÀÔÀÚÀÇ ¸é°£°Ý dÀÇ °ÝÀÚ¸é(hkl)ÀÌ ÀÔ»çX¼±(Incident X-Rays)¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Bragg½Ä(Bragg's formular) 2d sin q = n l ¸¦ ¸¸Á·ÇÏ´Â °¢µµ q (Bragg°¢, Bragg Angle) ¸¸Å­ ±â¿ï¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ÀÔ»çX¼±(Incident X-Rays)Àº ÀÌ °ÝÀڸ鿡 ÀÇÇÏ¿© ȸÀýµÈ´Ù.
À̶§, ȸÀý¼±(Diffracted X-Rays)ÀÇ ¹æÇâÀº ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ °ÝÀÚ¸é°úÀÇ °¢µµ q, ÀÔ»çX¼±(Incident X-Rays)°úÀÇ °¢µµ 2q(ȸÀý°¢, Diffraction Angle) ¸¸Å­ ±â¿ï¾îÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù.


ÇÑ°³ÀÇ °áÁ¤¿¡ÀÇÇÑ È¸Àý(Diffraction)

½Ã·áÁß¿¡ °áÁ¤ÀÔÀÚ°¡ÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì, °ÝÀÚ¸éÀÇ ¹æÇâÀÌ ¹«ÀÛÀ§(¹«Áú¼­, Random)ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¾î´À °ÝÀڸ鿡 ÀÇÇؼ­µµ ȸÀýÁ¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸Á·ÇÏ´Â °¢µµ(ÀÔ»çX¼±(Incident X-Rays)¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©´Â 2q)¸¦ °®´Â °ÝÀÚ¸éÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î, ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ °ÝÀÚ¸é(hkl)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È¸ÀýµÈ X¼±(Diffracted X-Rays)Àº 2q < 90o ÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â 2q, 2q > 90o ÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â 180 - 2q °¡ µÇ´Â ¿øÃßÇüÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.
µ¿½Ã¿¡, ´Ù¸¥ °ÝÀڸ鰣°ÝÀ» °®°íÀÖ´Â °ÝÀÚ¸é(h'k'l')¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ È¸Àý¼±(Diffracted X-Rays)Àº 2q' ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.
µû¶ó¼­, ºÐ¸»¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ È¸ÀýX¼±(Diffracted X-Rays)Àº Á߽ɰ¢ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ¿øÃ߸¦ Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù.


ºÐ¸»¿¡ÀÇÇÑ È¸Àý(Diffraction)

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿øÃ߸¦ ÆòÆÇ FilmÀ¸·Î ¾òÀ¸¸é ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²°ú °°À̵Ǹç,


ÆòÆǹý(Laue Camera)

¿øÅëFilmÀ¸·Î ¾òÀ¸¸é ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÔ»çX¼±(Diffracted X-Rays)ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î µ¿½É¿ø»óÅÂÀÇ È¸Àý¼±À» ¾ò°Ô µÈ´Ù.


¿øÅë Film¹ý(Debye-Scherrer Camera)

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µ¿½É¿øÀ» ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Debye-Scherrer ring ¶Ç´Â °£´ÜÈ÷ Debye ring À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.

°è¼ö°üÀ» À§ ±×¸²ÀÇ AA' ¿¡¼­ ÁÖ»ç(Scan) ½ÃÄѼ­ °¢°¢ÀÇ Debye ringÀÇ X¼±°­µµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â ÀåÄ¡°¡ X¼± µðÇÁ·¢Åä¸ÞŸ (X-Ray Diffractometer, XRD) ÀÌ´Ù.


X¼± µðÇÁ·¢Åä¸ÞŸ (X-Ray Diffractometer, XRD)ÀÇ ±âº»¿ø¸®

À§ ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ ½Ã·á¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¿øÁÖ»ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °è¼ö°üÀ» ȸÀü½ÃÄÑ X¼±°­µµ¿Í °è¼ö°üÀÇ °¢µµ 2qÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ±â·ÏÁöÀ§¿¡ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù.
°ÝÀڸ鰣°Ý d´Â ÃøÁ¤°ª 2q·Î ºÎÅÍ Bragg½Ä 2 d sin q = n l ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

4) Laue Camera ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºÐ¸»½Ã·áÀÇ ÃøÁ¤


Laue Camera

¶ó¿ì¿¡ Ä«¸Þ¶ó(Laue Camera)´Â °¡Àå ±¸Á¶°¡ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ CameraÀÌ´Ù.
º»·¡ ´Ü°áÁ¤¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ë ÇßÁö¸¸, Debye ringÀÇ »óŸ¦ °üÂûÇϰųª ºÐ¹ß¹ý¿¡ ÀÌ¿ë ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
´Ü°áÁ¤¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¶ó¿ì¿¡ »çÁø(Laue Photograph)Àº ÀÔ»çX¼±ÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓX¼±À» ÀÌ¿ë ÇÏÁö¸¸, ºÐ¸»¹ý¿¡´Â Ư¼ºX¼±À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.


Åõ°ú¹ý


¹Ý»ç¹ý

À§ ±×¸²¿¡¼­ X¼±(X-Rays)Àº Pin Hole ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Collimator ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¡´Â ¼±´Ù¹ßÀÌ µÇ¾î ½Ã·á¿¡ ÀÔ»çµÈ´Ù.
ÀÔ»çX¼±(Incident X-Rays)ÀÌ Åõ°ú ¶Ç´Â ¹Ý»çµÇ´Â À§Ä¡¿¡ ÆòÆÇ FilmÀ» ³õ°í ȸÀýX¼±(Diffracted X-Rays)À» ¾ò¾î ȸÀý°¢ 2q´Â ´ÙÀ½½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Åõ°ú¹ýÀÇ °æ¿ì
2q = tan-1 x/D
¹Ý»ç¹ýÀÇ °æ¿ì
180o - 2q = tan-1 x/D

¿©±â¼­, D´Â ½Ã·á¿Í Film»çÀÌÀÇ °Å¸®, x´Â Debye ringÀÇ ¹Ý°æÀÌ´Ù.

5) Debye-Scherrer Camera

´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²Àº Debye-Scherrer Camera (ºÐ¸» Ä«¸Þ¶ó, Powder Camera) ÀÌ´Ù.


Debye-Scherrer Camera

½Ã·á´Â ³»°æ 0.3 ~ 1 mm ÀÇ ¸ð¼¼°ü À¯¸® (Capillary column)¿¡ ³Ö°Å³ª, Glass fiber ÁÖÀ§¿¡ ºÎÂø½ÃÄѼ­ Camera Á߽ɺο¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù.
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FilmÀº Camera ¿øÁÖ»ó¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿© Collimator ¿Í Beam trap À» »« ³ÐÀº ¹üÀ§ÀÇ È¸Àý¼±À» ±â·ÏÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


Debye-Scherrer Camera ÀÇ ±¸Á¶

¿øÅëÇü CameraÀÇ Camera ¹Ý°æ r, Debye ring ÀÇ Á÷°æÀ» 2x ¶ó°í Çϸé

2q = 180 2x
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pr 2

½ÃÆǵǴ CameraÀÇ Camera¹Ý°æ rÀº 180/p = 57.3 mm (¶Ç´Â ±× 1/2)°¡ µÇ¾î Debye ring ÀÇ ¹Ý°æÀ» mm ´ÜÀ§·Î ÀÐÀ¸¸é, ±×´ë·Î 2q °¡ ±¸ÇØÁø´Ù.

Diffractometer°¡ °£ÆíÇÏ°í °­µµÀÇ ÃøÁ¤µµ ½¬¿îµ¥ ¹ÝÇؼ­ Debye-Scherrer Camera ´Â Film 󸮰¡ ¾î·Æ°í °­µµÀÇ Á¤·®¼ºÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù.
µû¶ó¼­, ÀÌ Camera´Â ½Ã·áÀÇ ¾çÀÌ ÀûÀº°æ¿ì¿¡ ÁÁ°í, ¹èÇ⼺ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ½Ã·á¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù.